How much dynamic range does 16-bit audio provide?

The correct answer is rooted in the fundamental characteristics of digital audio. A 16-bit audio system provides a dynamic range of 96 dB. This value is derived from the formula:

Dynamic Range (dB) = 6.02 × bit depth.

For 16 bits, this calculation results in 6.02 × 16, which equals approximately 96 dB.

The dynamic range represents the difference between the quietest and loudest parts that can be captured or reproduced without distortion. A 16-bit system is commonly used in consumer audio formats and provides sufficient dynamic range for typical audio applications, such as CDs.

Other values listed, such as 192 dB, 144 dB, and 72 dB, do not accurately reflect the capability of 16-bit audio. While higher bit depths, like 24 bits, can achieve a much larger dynamic range, 16 bits is specifically standardized at 96 dB, making it a crucial concept in understanding digital audio quantization.